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This course examines the ethical theories and concepts as they apply to biomedicine, including the role of medical doctor and nurse, confidentiality and informed consent, patient's rights, medical experimentation on human subjects, involuntary civil commitment, abortion, sterilization of the mentally challenged, genetic engineering, and justice and health care.

DeGrazia, D., Mappes, T. A. & Brand- Ballard, J. (2011) Biomedical Ethics, 7th Edition, New York: McGraw-Hill.

3. Critically evaluate arguments and claims in philosophical and non-philosophical contexts.

4. Apply philosophical theories and normative principles to current events and broader issues pertaining to the individual and society.

4. Apply ethical theories and normative principles to current biomedical events and issues.

1. Listen and effectively communicate ideals through written, spoken and visual means (Core SLO 1).

2. Think critically via classifying, analyzing, comparing, contrasting, hypothesizing, synthesizing, extrapolating and evaluating ideas (Core SLO 2).

3. Apply information literacy/research skills to assist their systematic process of critical thought; articulating the problem; gather information from multiple sources and venues; evaluating the accuracy/thoroughness/timeliness of the collected data, and determining when/if the problem has been satisfactorily resolved (Core SLO 3).

5. Demonstrate good citizenship and service to one's community and/or engage in free intellectual inquiry seeking truth, understanding and appreciating self as well as a readiness to learn from and about different cultural and/or linguistic perspectives (Core SLO 5).

Program SLOs	Direct Measures	Indirect Measures
1. Analyze philosophical and logical problems.	Course and homework assignments Examinations and quizzes Term papers and reports Class discussion participation	Grades that are not based on explicit criteria related to clear learning goals
2. Create clear and cogent oral and written presentations.	Course and homework assignments Examinations and quizzes Term papers and reports Class discussion participation	Grades that are not based on explicit criteria related to clear learning goals
3. Critically evaluate arguments and claims in philosophical and non-philosophical contexts.	Course and homework assignments Examinations and quizzes Term papers and reports Class discussion participation	Grades that are not based on explicit criteria related to clear learning goals
4. Apply philosophical theories and normative principles to current events and broader issues pertaining to the individual and society.	Course and homework assignments Examinations and quizzes Term papers and reports Class discussion participation	Grades that are not based on explicit criteria related to clear learning goals
Course SLOs	Direct Measures	Indirect Measures
1. Analyze biomedical issues and problems.	Course and homework assignments Examinations and quizzes Term papers and reports	Grades that are not based on explicit criteria related to clear learning goals
2. Create clear and cogent oral and written presentations on biomedical ethics.	Examinations and quizzes Term papers and reports Class discussion participation	Grades that are not based on explicit criteria related to clear learning goals
3. Critically evaluate arguments and claims about biomedical ethics.	Course and homework assignments Examinations and quizzes Term papers and reports Class discussion participation	Grades that are not based on explicit criteria related to clear learning goals
4. Apply ethical theories and normative principles to current biomedical events and issues.	Course and homework assignments Examinations and quizzes Term papers and reports Class discussion participation	Grades that are not based on explicit criteria related to clear learning goals
Core SLOs	Direct Measures	Indirect Measures
1. Listen and effectively communicate ideals through written, spoken and visual means.	Course and homework assignments Examinations and quizzes Term papers and reports Class discussion participation	Course evaluations Grades that are not based on explicit criteria related to clear learning goals
2. Think critically via classifying, analyzing, comparing, contrasting, hypothesizing, synthesizing, extrapolating and evaluating ideas.	Course and homework assignments Examinations and quizzes Term papers and reports Class discussion participation	Grades that are not based on explicit criteria related to clear learning goals
3. Apply information literacy/research skills to assist their systematic process of critical thought.	Course and homework assignments Examinations and quizzes Term papers and reports Class discussion participation	Course evaluations Grades that are not based on explicit criteria related to clear learning goals
5. Demonstrate good citizenship and service to one's community.	Term papers and reports Class discussion participation	Course evaluations Grades that are not based on explicit criteria related to clear learning goals

Mid-term grade will be determined by a mid-term exam and semester grade determined by final examination (50%), midterm exam (30%), term paper comparing and evaluating any three of the readings listed on the syllabus, not just from the textbook, and applying those readings to a current event that took place this year (10%) and class participation/presentation (10%) minus absences or lack of attendance and/or poor participation -- unless stated otherwise on supplementary details. Unless you officially withdraw or formally request an incomplete (in writing) and submit appropriate documentation before the end of the semester, you will receive a passing or failing grade based on performance and attendance. Grading Scale: A=100-90, B=89-80, C=79-70, D=69-60, F=59-0 or for difficult exams A=100-80%, B=70-60%, C=50-40%, D=30-20%, F=10-0%. (+/- determined by curve.)

Day	Date	Discussion Topic/Learning Opportunities
Wed	08/24/2011	Chapter 1 General Introduction, The Nature of Biomedical Ethics, Recently Dominant Ethical Theories, and The Critical Assessment Of Competing Ethical Theories pp. 1-6.
Mon	08/29/2011	Read this before today's class: Edmund D. Pellegrino, The Virtuous Physician and the Ethics of Medicine 70
Wed	08/31/2011	Read this before today's class: James F. Childress and Mark Siegler, Metaphors and Models of Doctor-Patient
Mon	09/05/2011	HOLIDAY: Labor Day. NO CLASS.
Wed	09/07/2011	Read this before today's class: Terrence F. Ackerman, Why Doctors Should Intervene 83
Mon	09/12/2011	Read this before today's class: Lisa H. Newton, In Defense of the Traditional Nurse 88
Wed	09/14/2011	Read this before today's class: Helga Kuhse, Advocacy or Subservience for the Sake of Patients? 95
Mon	09/19/2011	Read this before today's class: Roger Higgs, On Telling Patients the Truth 103
Wed	09/21/2011	Read this before today's class: Justice Mathew O. Tobriner, Majority Opinion in Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California 109
Mon	09/26/2011	Justice William P. dark, Dissenting Opinion in Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California 113
Wed	09/28/2011	Read this before today's class: Please Don't Tell!: A Case About HIV and Confidentiality (with commentaries by Leonard Fleck and Marcia Angell) 116
Mon	10/03/2011	Read this before today's class: President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research, The Values Underlying
Wed	10/05/2011	Read this before today's class: Howard Brody, Transparency: Informed Consent in Primary Can 126
Mon	10/10/2011	Read this before today's class: Ruth Macklin, Ethical Relativism in a Multicultural Society 132
Wed	10/12/2011	MIDTERM EXAM
Mon	10/17/2011	Read this before today's class: Robert A. Crouch, Letting the deaf be Deaf: Reconsidering the
Wed	10/19/2011	Read this before today's class: Bonnie Poitras Tucker, Deaf Culture, Cochlear Implants, and Elective Disabililty 162
Mon	10/24/2011	Read this before today's class: Sherri A. Groveman (Morris), The Hanukkah Bush: Ethical Implications in the Clinical Management of lntersex 168
Wed	10/26/2011	Read this before today's class: Lisa Abelow Hedley, The Seduction of a Surgical Fix 172
Mon	10/31/2011	Read this before today's class: Josephine Johnston, Judging Octomom 176
Wed	11/02/2011	Read this before today's class: Carl Elliott, Amputees by Choice 179
Mon	11/07/2011	Read this before today's class: Franklin G. Miller, Howard Brody, and Kevin C. Chung, Cosmetic Surgery and the Internal Morality of Medicine 187
Wed	11/09/2011	Read this before today's class: Margaret Olivia Little, Cosmetic Surgery, Suspect Norms, and the Ethics of Complicity 196
Mon	11/14/2011	Read this before today's class: Peter D. Kramer, Makeover 205
Wed	11/16/2011	Read this before today's class: Carol Freedman, Aspirin for the Mind? Some Ethical Worries about Psychopharmacology 213
Mon	11/21/2011	Read this before today's class: David DeGrazia, Prozac, Enhancement, and Self-Creation 222
Wed	11/23/2011	THANKSGIVING HOLIDAY: NO CLASS.
Mon	11/28/2011	Read this before today's class: Claudia Mills, One Pill Makes You Smarter: An Ethical Appraisal of the Rise of Ritalin 230
Wed	11/30/2011	Epilogue.
T-F	12/06/11-12/09/11	Final Exam may be on Friday 12/09/11 at 6 pm. See Registrar's Exam Schedule. You cannot take it earlier than scheduled or with another class.

Lincoln University uses the method of teaching, which assumes that each student has something to contribute and something to gain by attending class. It further assumes that there is much more instruction absorbed in the classroom than can be tested on examinations. Therefore, students are expected to attend all regularly scheduled class meetings and should exhibit good faith in this regard. For the control of absences, the faculty adopted the following regulations: 1. Four absences may result in an automatic failure in the course. 2. Three tardy arrivals may be counted as one absence. 3. Absences will be counted starting with whatever day is specified by the instructor but not later than the deadline for adding or dropping courses. 4. In case of illness, death in the family, or other extenuating circumstances, the student must present documented evidence of inability to attend classes to the Vice President for Student Affairs and Enrollment Management. However, in such cases the student is responsible for all work missed during those absences. 5. Departments offering courses with less than full-course credit will develop and submit to the Vice President for Student Affairs and Enrollment Management a class attendance policy in keeping with the above. 6. Students representing the University in athletic events or other University sanctioned activities will be excused from class with the responsibility of making up all work and examinations. The Registrar will issue the excused format to the faculty member in charge of the off- or on-campus activity for delivery by the student(s) to their instructors. Save your documents or ‘excuses’ and submit copies to your instructor at the end of the semester.

Students are responsible for proper conduct and integrity in all of their scholastic work. They must follow a professor's instructions when completing tests, homework, and laboratory reports, and must ask for clarification if the instructions are not clear. In general, students should not give or receive aid when taking exams, or exceed the time limitations specified by the professor. In seeking the truth, in learning to think critically, and in preparing for a life of constructive service, honesty is imperative. Honesty in the classroom and in the preparation of papers is therefore expected of all students. Each student has the responsibility to submit work that is uniquely his or her own. All of this work must be done in accordance with established principles of academic integrity. 1. Acts of Academic Dishonesty (Cheating): Specific violations of this responsibility include, but are not limited to, the following: * Copying, offering and/or receiving unauthorized assistance or information in examinations, tests, quizzes; in the writing of reports, assigned papers, or special assignments, as in computer programming; and in the preparation of creative works (i.e. music, studio work, art). * The fabrication or falsification of data, results, or sources for papers or reports. * The use of unauthorized materials and/or persons during testing. * The unauthorized possession of tests or examinations. * The physical theft, duplication, unauthorized distribution, use or sale of tests, examinations, papers, or computer programs. * Any action which destroys or alters the work of another student. * Tampering with grades, grade books or otherwise attempting to alter grades assigned by the instructor. * The multiple submission of the same paper or report for assignments in more than one course without the prior written permission of each instructor. 2. Plagiarism: If a student represents "another person's ideas or scholarship as his/her own," that student is committing an act of plagiarism. The most common form of plagiarism among college students is the unintentional use of others' published ideas in their own work, and representing these ideas as their own by neglecting to acknowledge the sources of such materials. Plagiarism includes downloads, copies and purchase of papers and essays from the internet. Students are expected to cite all sources used in the preparation of written work, including examinations. It is each student's responsibility to find out exactly what each of his/her professors expects in terms of acknowledging sources of information on papers, exams, and assignments. It is the responsibility of each faculty person to state clearly in the syllabus for the course all expectations pertaining to academic integrity and plagiarism. 3. Sanctions: A: Warning - A written notice that repetitions of misconduct will result in more severe disciplinary action. The warning becomes part of the student's file in the Office of the Registrar and, if there is no other example of misconduct, is removed at the time of graduation. B: Failure for project (exam, paper, experiment). C: Failure of course. For serious and repeat offenses, the University reserves the right to suspend or expel. Imposition of Sanctions: First Offense - A and/or B. Second and Subsequent offenses - B or C. Students failing a course because of an instance of academic dishonesty may not drop the course. The student may appeal a charge of academic dishonesty within ten days of receiving notice of same. The appeal will be heard by an Academic Hearing Board (AHB) consisting of the chairs of each division of study (or their designees). Files on violations of this academic integrity code will be kept in the Office of the Registrar.

MISCELLANEOUS EXPECTATIONS: (a) Classwork consists of in-class quizzes for which there is no make-up. If your name is not printed in capital letters throughout or your cell phone rings or is used in class, half-a-point (5%) or more will be taken off your final grade or score. When graded, papers or quizzes will be distributed at the end (not the beginning) of class. You are required to save all your quizzes and papers. If your attendance and participation are excellent, you may petition to use your classworks in place of your final exam. If you leave in the middle of a quiz or exam, for whatever reason, you will have to answer a different set of questions when you return. (b) Papers: All papers should explain the main question and evaluate the arguments on all sides and be submitted in both electronic and hard copies (i.e. printed on paper and also sent as e-mail). Papers should be typed and accompanied by an abstract (summary of main points, facts and arguments) and bibliography. Use "Save As" to save you paper as plain text and attach it to your e-mail with Philosophy in the subject line. E-mail attachments (in Microsoft Word or Works or WordPerfect or compressed or zipped) which are not in plain text (i.e. txt format) are unacceptable. Late extra-credit papers won't be accepted. Late required papers will be dropped by 1 letter grade. (c) Attendance: Signing the attendance sheet for someone else or missing a class, for whatever reason, may cost you up to 5% on your final grade for each occurrence. According to University regulations, 4 absences may result in a failure and 3 tardy arrivals or departures may count as an absence. (d) Extra-Credit: Extra-credit papers, if permitted, should be on an assigned project (see website), due in class on the day of the last quiz, and count as one quiz. At best, 3 philosophy club meetings (you must participate and sign attendance) or a class-presentation (which is an oral critique of a reading/topic, not used for paper, with a written abstract), if permitted, will push 1 classwork up by 1 letter grade.

CLASS/COURSE HOMEPAGE: http://www.lincoln.edu/philosophy/kwame/teachast.htm or https://philosophydepartment.tripod.com/ or http://www.kwame.50webs.com/ or http://kwame.atspace.com/ D2L: http://www.lincoln.edu/d2l/ To check your grade on the computer or internet, go to any one of the websites listed above and follow the instructions there. Note that some of the websites may be down and not updated.

Your semester grade will be determined by your class participation and exercises or quizzes and the final examination minus absences or lack of attendance and/or poor participation. If a term paper is required for this course (check syllabus), your semester grade will be determined by your class participation and exercises or quizzes and the final examination and a typed paper as specified by your syllabus, minus absences or lack of attendance and/or poor participation.

Note that students are expected to attend classes regularly and participate in class discussions. Hence, no special points are given for attendance or class participation. Points, however, are taken off for absences or lack of attendance and/or poor participation.

Extra-credits, if available for this particular class or course (check syllabus), are applied to your quiz grade or score i.e. added to your quiz grade or score and not your final examination grade or score.

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